Salt And Iron Debate During The Han Dynasty Essays -

Salt and Iron debate during the Han dynasty Salt and Iron debate during the Han dynasty Emperor Wu-ti began his reign in 140 BC. During its early years he was under the moderating influence of relatives and court officials; however, by the late 130s he had decided that the essentially defensive foreign policy of his predecessors was not going to solve his foreign problems. In 133 he launched attacks on the nomadic Hsiung-nu people, who constituted China's principal threat on the northern frontier, and thereafter he committed his realm to the expansion of the empire. By 101 Wu-ti's troops, spurred by an emperor heedless of their hardships and intolerant of defeat, had extended Chinese control in all directions. His wars and other undertakings exhausted the state's reserves and forced him to look for other sources of income. New taxes were decreed and state monopolies on salt, iron, and wine were instituted. Following Wu-ti's death, a public debate on the state monopolies was held in 81 BC, an account of which was published as the dialog Discourses on Salt and Iron. Officers were appointed to equalize distribution by purchasing cheap commodities and selling when prices were high, thus preventing prices from being too low or too high and maximizing profit for the government. Although treasury deficits were eliminated and adequate stores supplied the armies on the frontiers, the people forced to eat without salt because of its high cost or use inferior iron tools to farm became discontent. Thus sixty scholars were summoned from around the empire to debate the issues. In the dialog proponents of the government's current policies argued that they successfully provided iron tools to the peasants and increased trade and wealth. Criticizing this profiteering, Confucian reformers emphasizing agriculture wanted the use of money reduced. They found government harsh and oppressive, complaining of the disparities between the rich and poor. Critics also felt that expansion and foreign adventures had weakened China without maintaining safety. They argued the ancients had honored virtue and discredited the use of arms. Government realists disagreed and relying on laws and punishments pointed to the success of Shang Yang; but critics countered that it was short-lived and that Qin policies were unscrupulous. The reformers emphasized moral principles and complained that government officials were using their positions to increase their incomes to incalculable levels, a practice Confucius disapproved. Wu-ti came to power from the popular support of his apparent Confucian beliefs. He, however, drew from the legalistic system under the Qin dynasty and found the wealth need to fund his expansion through practices such as the monopolies. The debate revealed the clear divisions between the realistic legalists in power and the principled scholars who wanted reforms. The government retained the monopolies on salt and iron, but it became clear that many of the Confucian literates saw his actions for what they truly were. Wu-ti bridged the division between state and society and created a system where non-Confucian ideals filled the government pockets by oppressing the commoner. An important quote from the debate is that "Government should not compete with people for profit."

How to Write a Program Essay

How to Write a Program EssayA sample Cambridge program essay contains samples of various essay types including the standard essay, the revision, and the proofreading essay. This type of essay is designed to help you know how to write a successful program in one semester. The quality of essays will depend on how well you can apply the tips contained in the sample essay. Most people are not aware of the fact that they need to give a good description and foundation in order to create a quality essay.In the case of the short essay, the idea is to deliver your message to the reader without giving any other unnecessary details. Just give a brief summary of the points that you want to make. Here, you can provide examples that you can use to support your point. After doing this, you need to make sure that the essay is structured in such a way that it can stand alone as a piece of writing. You need to be able to condense the material into a very short document that can then be analyzed by the reader.The major problem that most students face when writing a program is that they give too much information. As a result, the essay does not follow the desired format. If you give too much information, it will be very difficult for the reader to understand the focus of the content. For example, if you give a description of your vacation to Hawaii and then discuss the rainy season, you will be given problems if you give too much information.Therefore, you need to make sure that you have done good research before the start of the essay. You need to gather information that will allow you to know what type of data to include in the essay. If you are not familiar with the content of the essay, then you need to gain more knowledge by gathering as much information as possible.Besides gathering information, you also need to check out whether the facts that you have gathered fit with the essay topic. The first and foremost factor is to make sure that the information that you gathered is factual. You need to make sure that you have provided sufficient facts in order to write a good Cambridge program essay.There is good news though. If you spend the time to find out the fact about the essay, you will be able to avoid making a mistake when you begin to write the essay. Reading over your essay before you start to write it will help you gain more knowledge about the program and help you avoid errors.If you do not know where to start writing, you can find the information on the start of the essay by looking at the introduction. Make sure that you read over the first part of the introduction because it will contain your topic and give some details about you, your interests, and what type of person you are. The introduction will tell you about the tone of the entire essay.After you finish reading the introduction, you can continue to write by writing about the program in the second half of the introduction. This portion will help you gain knowledge about the structure of t he essay. After finishing the introduction, you need to do some editing. It is important that you proofread your work before submitting it to the article server.

How to Write an Acceptance Speech Essay Example

How to Write an Acceptance Speech Essay Example How to Write an Acceptance Speech Paper How to Write an Acceptance Speech Paper Before we begin talking about how to write an acceptance speech, let’s talk about what it basically is. Acceptance speeches are given by those people who have received an award of any kind like a degree or memento. If you are a person that is due to get an award for something then it is probably a good idea for you to learn how to write an acceptance speech. The reason why it is suggested that you pre-write an acceptance speech is because it is a lot more challenging than it seems. Why this is so is because you have to deliver a speech in a short amount of time which is captivating, original and witty too. This is why it is recommended that you write and rehearse your acceptance speech before the time comes when you have to go on stage and deliver it. Although acceptance speeches are written on different subjects, there are certain areas or rules that are same for all and you need to learn all of them. Â  First thing first, you need to thank the person who is presenting the award to you. You need to show gratitude and do it in a way that the presenter feels proud. It sometimes happens that the person who is supposed to receive is not present and so you have to receive it on their behalf, in such a case make sure to mention that you are speaking in reference to that person and not yourself. In all your life time, you will have seen at least one award ceremony right? Whether film, drama or music, if you have then you without doubt must have heard these celebrities speak of the people who have made this award possible. Well this is exactly what you need to do, you have to mention the names of all the people who were involved in the award. Don’t mention a long list of people but instead keep it short but focus on the larger group of people. Once you are done with all the thanking, mention how it is you reached to the point for which you got the award. You can talk about many different things and even teach a lesson or two in the process. Talk about the events that lead up to the place where you are and show that you were steadfast and untiring. The last thing to mention is the emotional value behind the award, remember to state that it is not just a trophy that is meant to go on a showcase but represents so much more.

Revised paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Revised paper - Essay Example The lessons are, therefore, well planned to help the students identify with the complex situations in life, to enhance their reading capabilities. The students are taken through advanced multicultural recipes to enable them to be familiar with the delicacies of the world. At the same time, this enables those who are familiar with the recipes to feel part and parcel of the class. The lesson plans are plans are designed to enable them to enhance their listening then reading skills. The teacher will read aloud; this helps the students remember and store the pronunciation in their brains. This helps them to read and say the words correctly the next time they are in the position to speak this words. The teacher will also aim at improving the conversation skills of the students by asking them to assume scenarios in life and talk to one another in reference to these scenarios. This will develop the ability of the students to talk and ask for things in real life. The lessons are also planned to improve the students’ ability to sieve out the relevant information from excerpts. This will enable them to be able to pick out clues from passages, and they can apply this when faced with examination questions, or other critical analysis situations, whereby they need to write what is important and leave out the less important material. Goals:Develop students’ confidence in speaking through conversation with peers and reading aloud thus helping them remember this words in future. The conversation is aimed to help them understand the contexts of their readingso they could appreciate the practical use of the language and encourage them to frequently speak English. Teacher willdivide the students into four groups and give each group a recipe card, then let them converse and read the content freely.Worksheets will be distributed to each student, but they cannot answer the questions right away, and notes must be written at the back of the worksheets.

Financial Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Financial Management - Essay Example WACC refers to the weighted sum of cost of capital from all sources. Generally, there are four sources of capital which include preference shares, retained earnings, common or ordinary stock and long-term debt. According to Hitchner (2011) the first step in calculating WACC is to calculate the cost of capital from each source as follows: Cost of debt refers to the rate of return required by the long-term debt capital providers. Mathematically, it’s the discount rate that equates the present value of interest’s payments and the principle repayment to the current market price of the long term debt. To calculate the value of the firm we used the market values of sources of funds (Hitchner 2011). They reflect the economic reality and values. However, market value weight is subject to the frequent changes due to the constant fluctuations of security prices. Book values are influenced by the accounting policies used in calculating net profit and in asset valuation. La Tienda’s chairman has proposed that the source of capital to be used will be debt and has set the coupon rate at 5%. He also suggested that for whichever project is to be chosen, the coupon rate should be used as the cost of capital in evaluating the viability of the projects. On the other hand, the chief financial controller opts for the WACC in evaluating the projects. The treasure is confused and does not have a choice for either rate. Usually, a higher discount rate is more appropriate when the anticipated risk of a project is higher than the risk of the whole firm (Reilly & Brown 2011). For a number of reasons, the chairman’s choice is not appropriate. Lower cost of capital reflects high amounts of the expected cash flows but does not take into account the risks involved. The main source of capital is bond; investors are attracted in buying the bond if

Career Planning for the Graduates in UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Career Planning for the Graduates in UK - Essay Example However, they maintain a consistency in their recruitment process hence they can be considered as a dependable industry so that the newly graduates looking for jobs can apply for employment in this sector. The investment banking industry is found to be stagnant for the last few years. The growth in the legal sector has diminished in 2013 compared to 2012 (Schierup, Munck, Likic-Brboric & Neergaard, 2015). However, the field recruits the fresh graduates. Hence, though it does not generate any productive growth in the overall job market of the country, still the nation witnessed employment opportunity generated for the fresh graduates in these sectors (Johnston, Khattab & Manley, 2015).  The growth in the fast moving consumer sector has fallen in 2013 compared to 2012 (Schierup, Munck, Likic-Brboric & Neergaard, 2015). However, in providing employment to the graduates this sector has significant contribution in this country. Nevertheless, the accountancy and the other professional se rvice sector are not so promising for employing graduates. In case of banking sector, the growth has been observed to be negative in 2013 as compared to 2012 (Iammarino & Marinelli, 2015). However it has been noticed that in the graduate job market of UK, the sector has significant contribution compared to other sectors. The people of the country are mainly interested to avail the opportunities in the sectors discussed above (Tran, 2015). Now we look at how these choices change over the year 2014 (Figueiredo, Rocha, Biscaia & Teixeira, 2015).

Aaron Feuerstein Essay -- Essays Papers

Aaron Feuerstein In this paper I will discuss Aaron Feuerstein, the third-generation president and CEO of Malden Mills Industries, Inc., who leads the Lawrence, Massachusetts business with his father’s and grandfather’s values: kindness, justice and charity. He does this through his charismatic leadership and vision, which binds his employees together into realizing and achieving the same goal. I will show exactly what makes him a leader in the modern business setting and explain why a leader’s vision is important in defining a true innovator, effective manager and charismatic leader. Feuerstein and Malden Mills had a history of taking care of its employees. Workers’ salaries average $12.50 an hour compared with the textile industry’s average of $9.50. And in the 1950s, when other New England textile manufacturers fled to the South for cheaper labor, Malden Mills stayed. Although Feuerstein’s hands-on management style has always been admired by his employees, what set him apart as a true leader was a near disaster in the winter of 1996. While celebrating his 70th birthday, Feuerstein received word that his 130 year old family owned textile company in Lawrence, Massachusetts was burning to the ground. Three of its manufacturing factories that produce the popular high-end outdoor apparel knits, Polartec ® and Polarfleece ®, were reduced to charred metal and brick. While watching the fire, Feuerstein decided that he must come up with a plan to not only save his company from financial ruin, but decide the fate of over 3,100 employees th at would soon be without a job. He chose to rebuild the plant in Lawrence. He also decided that if he was to continue providing a quality product to consumers, he would have to take care of the skilled laborers who made the product. Feuerstein kept more than 1,000 jobless employees at full pay and medical benefits for three months until the factories were up and running again. What kept Feuerstein’s company at the top was his strong managing skills. A top management position requires motivation to achieve, but this motivation may be directed to achieving personal, rather than organization goals. Feuerstein believed the role to top management should be to â€Å"manage† and the most important resource they must manage is the people that work at all levels of an organization. Their role should not be "to rule", but "... .... Reduced to its essence, that means superior technology and superior employees. Reduced still further, as Aaron Feuerstein can tell you, it means superior employees. Feuerstein has laid off people for the reasons stated above, but all of these employees have been given generous severance packages that included three months of paid medical benefits as well as job training Feuerstein admits that, as owner, he has a great advantage over leaders of public firms because he answers only to himself. "But I would like to think," he says, "that the average CEO - even though they're reporting to the public and the so-called shareholder -also feels that there's a moral imperative that they must answer to as well." Bibliography: The Christian Science Monitor, ‘Corporate Decency’ Prevails at Malden Mills, Shelly Donald Coolidge, March 28, 1996 Parade, by Michael Ryan, September 6, 1996, p.4-5 Life Magazine, Josh Simon, May 5, 1997 L. Larwood, C. M. Falke, M.P. Kriger, and P. Miesing. Structure and meaning of organizational vision. Academy of Management Journal, 39, 1995, pp.740-769 Fortune, Not a Fool, Not a Saint, Thomas Teal, November 11, 1996, p.201